What is a High-Power PDU: Features and Selection Tips

Power density in the data center is changing fast. As IT hardware advances to meet the growing demands for today’s technologies, it's not merely about getting faster; it’s also allowing for higher computational power while occupying less physical space. 

And it’s not slowing down: A decade ago, the average processor consumed less than 100 watts of power. Today, they consume around 500 watts. Power densities in IT equipment devices and enclosures are projected to increase three to five times in the coming years. 

As a leader in power management solutions, CPI is at the forefront of these advancements. Our eConnect® intelligent PDUs are designed to meet the rigorous demands of modern data centers, not only boasting the highest temperature rating in the industry – but now offering a wide range of high-power configurations for high-density needs.  

In this blog, we’ll explore what defines a high power PDU, their applications, and several considerations for selecting the right PDU for your needs. 

From 3 kW to 12 kW: Increasing Demands on Data Infrastructure 

The ongoing rise in rack densities highlights the relentless pace of technological progress and the growing need for more power. Understanding this evolution is essential for driving efficiency and resilience in next-generation data infrastructure. 

The power density evolution: 

• In the late 90s/early 2000s:Average cabinet power density was 3-4 kW, sufficient for most computing environments at the time. 

• 2016: While high-density applications existed, AFCOM reported that respondent’s average density was 6.1 kilowatts per rack and were still running very traditional applications. 

• 2024 Update: According to the AFCOM report today the average density per rack has surged to 12 kW. This quick doubling of power density reflects the intensifying demands on modern data infrastructure, with 60% of respondents actively engaged in initiatives to boost rack density. 

 
Today, high-power, high-performance PDUs—especially in liquid-cooled environments—are essential for maximizing the capabilities of advanced equipment while also meeting efficiency and net-zero goals. 

What is a High Power PDU? 

A high-power power distribution (PDU) is typically classified as those exceeding 20kW, with most ranging from 28.8kW to 57.5kW per unit. In contrast, typical PDUs generally range from 5kW to 15kW.  

Also known as high-performance or high-capacity PDUs, these solutions are purpose-built to meet the substantial power demands of modern IT equipment which consume more electricity than older devices. They are particularly suited for high-performance computing (HPC) and liquid-cooled environments, ensuring highly dependable performance and reliability. 

The Difference Between High Power VS High Density PDUs 

The term "high density" has become increasingly prevalent, as businesses work tirelessly to process large volumes of information by consolidating more computing equipment into a smaller area.  

However, in the context of rack PDUs, high density doesn't necessarily imply high power. 

High Density Outlet PDUs:   

• A high density PDU typically has between over 45 outlets depending on the type of outlets and the size of the rack.
• ​These PDUs are engineered to maximize the number of outlets available, reducing the overall need for PDUs. 

However, today's servers and IT equipment consume significantly more power than older devices. Simply having more outlets does not address the need to deliver higher power. 

High Power PDUs:  

• Deliver higher wattage per outlet, allowing them to efficiently support power-hungry devices without overloading the circuit.
• Require fewer PDUs to supply the same amount of power, reducing the initial capital expenditure on PDUs.
• Include robust redundancy features, like high-capacity circuit breakers that reduce the risk of circuit overloads, ensuring the reliability demanded by intensive workloads.
• ​Provide robust power needed for emerging technologies: Whether you're exploring the potential of AI, embracing edge computing, or delving into the world of IoT, High Power PDUs empower you to push the boundaries of what's possible. 

Applications: 

High power PDUs ensure critical applications run at peak performance, even under the most demanding conditions, including, but not limited to: 

• GPU/AI and liquid cooling systems: Generate significant heat that can affect performance and longevity. High power PDUs integrated with advanced cooling solutions, like liquid cooling, not only ensure efficient heat dissipation but also improve the overall energy efficiency of the data center.
• High-Frequency Trading Firms: Rely on algorithms that execute trades in microseconds, where any power disruption or fluctuation can lead to significant financial losses.
• Research Intensive Organizations: Research often involves long-running computations that can span days or weeks. High power PDUs ensure these computations are not interrupted, which is crucial for obtaining accurate and timely results.
• IT Equipment Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): Require robust power to test prototypes and production units under extreme conditions. High power PDUs provide the necessary flexibility and resilience to accommodate fluctuating power demands during these stress tests, leading to more robust product development.
• Hyperscale Data Centers: The sheer scale of hyperscale data centers means that even minor inefficiencies can lead to significant energy waste and cost. High power PDUs contribute to energy efficiency by optimizing power distribution and reducing losses.
• Multi-Tenant Data Centers (MTDCs): MTDCs must manage and allocate power dynamically to meet the specific needs of multiple tenants. High power PDUs with modular design and advanced monitoring capabilities allow for precise power allocation and scaling, ensuring each tenant's requirements are met.
• ​Enterprise Data Centers: Manage diverse workloads, from data processing to storage and backup, often under strict SLAs for high availability and performance. High-power PDUs with advanced redundancy and monitoring features mitigate the risk of power outages, ensuring uninterrupted operation critical for meeting SLAs and sustainability goals. 

Considerations for Purchasing a High-Power PDU 

In addition to choosing a high-power PDU that delivers sufficient wattage and has the right number and type of outlets for your devices, other important factors include: 

• Locking Outlets: In high-density environments, the risk of human error increases, emphasizing the importance of safety features in the PDU design. Locking mechanism for the C13 and C19 receptacles that work with standard power cords should be considered to ensure inadvertent errors while minimizing additional costs.
• Field-Replaceable Controller Module: Ensures continuous operations of the load if intelligence within the unit is compromised. Configuration data held within the controller modules should be easily transferable.
• High Temperature Rating: Ensure the high-power PDU has a robust temperature rating to withstand heat in densely packed data center environments, preventing overheating and ensuring reliable operation.
• Safety Features: In high-density environments, the risk of human error increases, emphasizing the importance of safety features in the PDU design. Look for features like built-in circuit breakers to protect against electrical overloads and ensure safe operation.
• Management with DCIM: Check if the PDU can integrate with your existing data center management systems and environmental monitoring for centralized monitoring and control.
• Environmental Monitoring: Additionally, consider if the PDU offers environmental monitoring capabilities, such as temperature and humidity sensors, to provide comprehensive oversight of your data center conditions.
• Space Constraints: Consider the physical size and form factor of the PDU to ensure it fits within your data center layout and rack space constraints.
• ​Compliance and Certification: Verify that the PDU meets relevant industry standards and certifications for safety, reliability, and environmental sustainability. 

Chatsworth Products’ High- Power Configurations for eConnect® PDUs 

Our range includes over 100 high-power configurations, from 28.8kW to 57.5kW per PDU, tailored to meet the demands of today’s data centers. 

With an industry-leading ambient air temperature rating of up to 149°F (65°C), our PDUs are engineered for dependable performance, even in the most rigorous high-density environments. 

Explore our eConnect® PDUs today and discover how they perfectly align with your high-power needs.